Jeremy Thomas on David Bowie and ‘Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence’
After Oshima saw Bowie in The Elephant Man on Broadway, in 1980, he asked him to be part of his next film. How did you get involved?
I’d sat next to Oshima in the year that [Jerzy Skolimowski’s] The Shout [1978] won the Grand Prix at Cannes. He was in his kimono and I was a young guy. The prize-giving dinner was different than today. It was an intimate affair. And he was very nice. We couldn’t speak any language, but we had drinks together and laughed, then exchanged business cards. About three and a half years later, he got in touch and said, ‘I want to make this prison book. Are you interested?’ I loved Oshima’s films and knew them well, so I jumped at the opportunity. We redeveloped the script by Paul Mayersberg and Oshima wanted Robert Redford initially, he was blond and blue-eyed. During casting, [Ryuichi] Sakamoto and [Takeshi] Kitano came in and then Oshima said, ‘Can you get me to David Bowie?’
I instantly embraced the idea. He was a great actor. He’s a performer. He performed in the film, and in life. I had to get to him, [but] not via his big management. Because that’s the way it works on something like this. We had two mutual friends, Italians who lived in London, who were friendly with David and they arranged a dinner. I said, ‘Do you know Oshima?’ He said, ‘Of course I know him’ and reeled off all these film titles. I said, ‘Well, he wants you, he needs you.’
Bowie had a significant and lifelong interest in Japanese culture, film, theatre and literature.
He knew all about it. It wasn’t like he was somebody going, ‘Who is this filmmaker?’ He was such a clever man, David. He knew everything about culture and Japanese cinema. Oshima was a groundbreaking filmmaker. The content of his films was radical and Bowie was very attracted to the idea and put his heart and soul into it, turning up in Rarotonga [in the Cook Islands, where a large part of the film was shot] on a desert island that was eight miles around. It was very in the zeitgeist, Japan, at that moment. Oshima was one of the greats and I think his films are much neglected by the public, like The Ceremony [1970] or Diary of a Shinjuku Thief or Boy [both 1969]. He’s fallen out of fashion but his films should be cherished. Especially when you think of what he was saying about Japanese society… I mean, Parasite [Bong Joon Ho, 2019] is just like one of his films, for example, what Oshima was trying to expose.
By then Bowie had left Berlin and started doing films but was about to take a serious left-turn and make himself into a million-selling stadium superstar.
Yes, he was doing Let’s Dance, so he left Rarotonga after filming and went to Australia to do that song’s video with a lot of people from the film. Many who worked on that video were our crew, who he’d got to know.
A harrowing prisoner of war camp drama, set in World War II, is an emotive and complex subject to make a film about, and then you juxtapose it with this pure pop record he’s about to make.
A lot of people didn’t understand. It was a prisoner-of-war-camp film and maybe what was radical about it, it wasn’t The Bridge on the River Kwai [1957], with military uniforms and saluting and all that; it was not a camp like we’d seen before. In fact, it was a fantastic love story between two men [Bowie and Sakamoto, playing Major Celliers and Capt Yonoi]. I understood what it was immediately. It was subtext, but it was a different sort of love, an admiration. Celliers, his initials were JC, Jesus Christ. He’s a blond God to Sakamoto. There is respect between military men. [Australian actor] Jack Thompson’s and Tom Conti’s parts, they’re very nuanced. And Takeshi, what he says at the end, that’s incredible. ‘We are victims of men who think they’re right.’ But that’s the truth. And you can see that we are currently [laughs] a victim of people who think they’re right.
Were you worried in those days about how the audience would feel regarding the queer subtext?
It’s not the way I do things. Of course, I’m thinking about the audience in one way. But I also wouldn’t be making the films I’ve made if I was thinking about them. I’m thinking about: can this be a magnificent film which will rock people’s socks off? And sometimes I manage. But the thought is not always, ‘Oh, is this going to be big box office?’ Because if there was somebody who knew about that they’d be locked in a box and fed caviar! A few people have had that moment in their careers where they’ve had the Midas touch, but it’s not what I want. I’m seeking something else with my choices and Oshima fitted right into that because I was an incredible fan. And the subject matter was something I could be involved with because we put in the Britishness. We brought a very English group in: the production designers; from Chariots of Fire [1981] we had the art director, Andrew Sanders; and Lee Tamahori [Once Were Warriors, 1994] was the first AD.
What were your first impressions of Bowie?
Just a relaxed, easygoing, approachable man. I found him always to be just a regular guy. Just a guy who didn’t have to do anything with us. He came on and did the Lindsay Kemp mime [in the cell scene, as the firing squad comes to get him] and Oshima let him do it. He was a very cultivated person to be with. With the biggest stars, there was the impression you have: what they are is their public image, which is maybe miscalculated. When you work with somebody, you see another side of them… but you can be unlucky. I’ve been unlucky a couple of times. [But] normally, it’s just the person at work. A nice colleague who was really happy doing this film. Yeah, [he’d ride around on] the bicycle, among people who never knew who he was. He cycled around, he was free, people left him alone.
Sakamoto wears make-up in the film, and I read that, in the 1940s, it was not uncommon for Japanese soldiers to wear it.
Well, that was very much Bowie. Antony Clavet [who had done Bowie’s make-up for Just a Gigolo, 1978, for Lodger’s 1979 album cover and for The Hunger] was the make-up artist who had done Bowie on tour and Bowie suggested to Oshima, ‘Listen, why don’t we get something special for Ryuichi?,’ who loved the idea. Clavet did some very stylised make-up, which was a miracle.
The Cannes press conference is on the film’s DVD extras. I enjoyed the relationship between Bowie and Oshima on the panel, how they were together.
Oshima was an extraordinary man and Bowie had a deep respect for him. He’d do whatever he told him, you know? He saw Oshima as a teacher and Oshima gave him the space to do what he wanted. Such as when he was happy to be buried up to his neck in the sand, for nights on end. He was sitting on a chair in the hole before we put on the sand. You get him out quick. And the moth [landing on Bowie’s head, in the night scene] was a coincidence.
Were there any other happy accidents in filming?
Yes, the kiss [where Celliers kisses Yonoi on each cheek, which seals his fate]. It’s slow-mo like that because the camera jerked and we didn’t know for two or three weeks, we had to send the rushes from the desert island to Tokyo. Oshima said ‘OK, I’m going to print that,’ click-click-click, it was like 12 frames. That’s called the random quality of art!
After the film, did you want to work with him again? Or did you just stay friends?
I remained very friendly with him. I probably saw him a couple years before he died. Whenever I went to New York, we went out, maybe for a tofu dinner with him and Iman. We had very good mutual friends and he stayed friendly, not an intimate friend but a good friend in the city. He was a cinema fan. We talked about films. He knew everything about everything, a Renaissance man.
I made Naked Lunch [in 1991, with David Cronenberg] and David told me that when he was younger, he’d go to Soho with the book in the pocket of his jacket, peeking out, just to show that he understood what was going on, though he didn’t really understand what was in the book at the time. He was an incredible person who brought a bit of that fairy dust into Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence. And he knew that and he was very clever with that. But he wasn’t overbearing. He was a joy to behold, the way he was dignified. Of course, I had worked with Nic Roeg, I had done those two films with him, Bad Timing [1980] and Eureka [1983]. So we also had that bond, having [both] worked with Nic. Roeg was a very unusual man, a brilliant person, brilliant teacher, brilliant explainer.
He worked with Julien Temple as well, just after you, on Absolute Beginners [1986]. And on a short film, a promo for one of his singles, called Jazzin’ for Blue Jean [1984], which is incredibly funny. And he’s a very good actor in that.
Well, that never stopped, and in the end he was working with Tilda [Swinton, in the video for ‘The Stars (Are Out Tonight)’ in 2013]. He never stopped being on the forefront of imagination.
Interview by Liz Tray, Sight and Sound, October 2022
MERRY CHRISTMAS MR. LAWRENCE
(SENJO NO MERRY CHRISTMAS)
Directed by: Nagisa Oshima
©: National Film Trustee Company Ltd.
Made in association with: Antares-Nova N.V., Recorded Picture Company, Oshima Productions, Asahi National Broadcasting, Broadbank Investments Limited
Executive Producers: Masato Hara, Eiko Oshima, Geoffrey Nethercott, Terry Glinwood
Producer: Jeremy Thomas
Producer’s Assistant: Sevilla Delofski
Associate Producers: Joyce Herlihy, Larry Parr
Production Accountant: Tony Hedges
Assistant Accountants: Lynne Newport, Mitsue Fujita
Production Co-ordinator: Margaret Hilliard
Location Manager: Takashi Shirai
Production Assistant: Kuniko Usui
Production Secretary: Vivien Bridgewater
1st Assistant Director: Lee Tamahori
2nd Assistant Director: Jonty Barraud
3rd Assistant Director: Geoff Hill
Assistant to the Director: Roger Pulvers
Continuity: Raijin Nakahata
Japan Casting: Takashi Ueno
New Zealand Casting: Diana Rowan
Screenplay by: Nagisa Oshima
Screenplay with: Paul Mayersberg
Based on The Seed and the Sower by: Sir Laurens van der Post
Director of Photography: Tôichirô Narushima
Camera Operator: Hiroaki Sugimura
Focus Puller: Andy Roelants
Clapper/Loader: Rick Allender
Key Grip: Brian Harris
Grips: Dennis Cullen, Jeff O’Donnell
Gaffer: Warren Mearns
Best Boy: Don Jowsey
Stills Photography: Takashi Ueno
Special Effects: Akira Houma
Editor: Tomoyo Oshima
Assistant Editor: Kenichi Takashima
Negative Cutting: Kimie Kawagishi
Production Designer: Jusho Toda
Art Director: Andrew Sanders
Assistant Art Directors: Tetsuya Hataya, Kazumasa Normura
Set Dresser: Masaru Arakawa
Properties: Shoichi Yasuda
Properties Buyer: Lyn Bergquist
Stand-by Props: Chris Paulger
Construction Manager: Kyoichi Hashimoto
Construction Technicians: Ryoichi Kamon, Masaaki Kobayashi, Yutaka Wakase
Wardrobe Supervisor: Christine West
Wardrobe Master: Kazuo Matsuda
Makeup Supervisor: Anthony Clavet
Makeup Chief: Robern Pickering
Hair: Glenis Daly
Music: Ryuichi Sakamoto
Brother’s Song Composed by: Stephen McCurdy
Sound Recordist: Mike Westgate
Boom Operator: Eugene Arts
Sound Re-recording: Tetsuya Ohashi, Aoi Studio
Dolby Stereo Consultants: Mikio Mori, Continental Far East Inc
Sound Effects: Akira Honma
Dubbing Mixer: Akira Honma
Armourer: Ralph Gardiner
Cast
David Bowie (Major Jack ‘Straffer’ Celliers)
Tom Conti (Colonel John Lawrence)
Ryuichi Sakamoto (Captain Yonoi)
Takeshi (Sergeant Gengo Hara)
Jack Thompson (Group Captain Hicksley)
Johnny Okura (Kanemoto)
Alistair Browning (De Jong)
James Malcolm (Celliers’ brother)
Chris Broun (Jack Celliers, aged 12)
Yuya Uchida (commandant of military prison)
Ryunosuke Kaneda (Colonel Fujimura, President of the Court)
Takeshi Naito (Lieutenant Iwata)
Tamio Ishikura (prosecutor)
Rokko Toura (interpreter)
Kan Mikami (Lieutenant Ito)
Yuji Honma (PFC Yajima)
Daisuke Iijima (Corporal Ueki)
Hideo Murota (new commandant of the camp)
Barry Dorking (chief doctor)
Geoff Clendon (Australian doctor)
Grant Bridger (POW officer)
Richard Adams, Geoff Allen, Michael Baxter-Lax, Marc Berg, Marcus Campbell, Colin Francis, Richard Hensby, Richard Hoare, Martin Ibbertson, Rob Jayne, Richard Mills, Mark Penrose, Arthur Ranford, Steve Smith, Stephen Taylor, Richard Zimmerman (POWs)
Ian Miller (English guard)
Don Stevens (pastor)
Yoichi Iijima, Satoshi Ito, Masaki Kusakabe, Kunihide Kuruma, Hiroshi Mikami, Akihiro Masuda, Tokuhisa Masuda, Takeshi Nagasawa, Takeshi Odashima, Masanori Okada, Shoetsu Sato, Rintaro Shibata, Masamichi Shibasaki, Kaname Shimura, Kenzo Shirahama, Hisao Takeda, Hidenobu Togo, Atsuo Yamashita, Heiwa Yoshihara, Takeshi Yu (Japanese soldiers)
UK/Japan/New Zealand 1983
123 mins
SOUND AND VISION
The Man Who Fell to Earth
Sat 3 Sep 18:10; Sun 11 Sep 18:10; Sun 18 Sep 15:00; Sat 1 Oct 20:20
Cracked Actor
Sun 4 Sep 13:50
The Hunger
Sun 4 Sep 18:20; Thu 22 Sep 20:50; Thu 29 Sep 18:00
The Kid Stays in the Picture
Tue 6 Sep 18:00 + intro by Brett Morgen; Sat 17 Sep 20:40
Cobain: Montage of Heck
Tue 6 Sep 20:15 + intro by Brett Morgen; Wed 21 Sep 20:20
Merry Christmas Mr. Lawrence
Sat 10 Sep 16:00; Sun 18 Sep 18:00; Tue 4 Oct 20:30
Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me
Sat 10 Sep 20:30; Mon 12 Sep 20:20; Thu 29 Sep 20:25; Mon 3 Oct 20:20
Moonage Daydream
Opens Fri 16 Sep BFI IMAX
GET A TASTE OF BRIXTON
Did you know that the Starman himself was born in Brixton? Proud sponsors of our upcoming Bowie season, Brixton Brewery brew tasty, easy-drinking beers inspired by the electric neighbourhood they’re proud to call home.
Visit brixtonbrewery.com and use code GETBRIXTONBFI for 20% off your next order.
BFI SOUTHBANK
Welcome to the home of great film and TV, with three cinemas and a studio, a world-class library, regular exhibitions and a pioneering Mediatheque with 1000s of free titles for you to explore. Browse special-edition merchandise in the BFI Shop. We’re also pleased to offer you a unique new space, the BFI Riverfront – with unrivalled riverside views of Waterloo Bridge and beyond, a delicious seasonal menu, plus a stylish balcony bar for cocktails or special events. Come and enjoy a pre-cinema dinner or a drink on the balcony as the sun goes down.
BECOME A BFI MEMBER
Enjoy a great package of film benefits including priority booking at BFI Southbank and BFI Festivals. Join today at bfi.org.uk/join
BFI PLAYER
We are always open online on BFI Player where you can watch the best new, cult & classic cinema on demand. Showcasing hand-picked landmark British and independent titles, films are available to watch in three distinct ways: Subscription, Rentals & Free to view.
See something different today on player.bfi.org.uk
Join the BFI mailing list for regular programme updates. Not yet registered? Create a new account at www.bfi.org.uk/signup
Programme notes and credits compiled by the BFI Documentation Unit
Notes may be edited or abridged
Questions/comments? Contact the Programme Notes team by email